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26 I I research _ primary teeth endo _The most common endodontic treatment of primary teeth is pulpotomy, which is used in the case of carious, iatrogenic or traumatic damage of the pulp.Asprerequisiteforsuchaprocedure,thepatient has to be free of clinical symptoms, according to the DGZMK.1 As per UK Guideline2 and Weisshaar,3 this conditionisstillmetincasesoftemporarydiscomfort or short, spontaneous pain. Various materials are used for pulpotomy and pulpectomy. The standard preparation for pulpotomy is still Formocresol—19% formaldehyde, 35% cresol, 15% glycerine, 31% distilled water—used in a 1:5 dilution.Weisshaar3 reportedthat92.4%ofpaediatric dentists in Canada and 76.8% of paediatric dentists worldwide used Formocresol for pulpotomy in 1989. While there have always been objections to the use of formaldehyde, Tagger and Tagger4 state that Formo- cresol pulpotomy assists the retention of primary teeth and outperforms any other current method. Intheir2002statement,theDGZMKadvisedusing calcium hydroxide—Ca(OH)2—for pulpotomy.1 The 2006 UK Guideline however considers this treatment inappropriate.2 Furthermore, the UK Guideline em- phasised that pulpotomy with 15.5% ferric sulphate (Astringedent, Ultradent) is as effective as a five- minute treatment with Formocresol. However, ferric sulphate only acts haemostatically when applied to the bleeding pulp stump for 15 seconds. Subse- quently, ferric sulphate is removed from the pulp cavity and zinc oxide-eugenol is directly applied to the root canals. The UK Guideline cites a study that achieved 55% internal resorption—as with Ca(OH)2— and 71% obliteration of the root canal radiologically with this pulpotomy method.2 Peng et al.5 demon- strated equivalent results in a meta-analysis of 11 studies that compared Formocresol and ferric sul- phate pulpotomies. The ferric sulphate pulpotomies demonstrated a clinical success rate of 78 to 100% andaradiologicalsuccessof42to97%.Forinclusion Table I_N2-therapy of primary teeth 1992–1998. 1 VitA = vital amputation = pulpotomy; 2 Dev/MoA = mortal amputation post devitalisation; 3 MoA = mortal amputation of gangrenous teeth; only the pulp-chamber is filled by N2; 4 r.c.f./Fist = root-canal filling with artificial fistulation; 5 r.c.f. kons = root-canal filling, conservative treatment). roots3_2010 Endodontic treatment of primary teeth in the general dental practice Author_ Dr Robert Teeuwen, Germany Total 1VitA 2 Dev/MoA 3 MoA 4 r.c.f./Fist 5 r.c.f.kons Total 3–5 Total 2–5 n % n % n % n % n % n % n % n % Total 559 460 29 37 22 11 70 99 Author 216 38,6 170 37,0 11 37,9 14 37,8 19 86,4 2 18,2 35 50,0 46 46,5 Assistant Doctor 343 61,4 290 63,0 18 62,1 23 62,2 3 13,6 9 81,8 35 50,0 53 53,5 no-shows after treatment 66 11,8 47 10,2 8 27,6 7 18,9 2 9,1 2 18,2 11 15,7 19 19,2 without no-shows 493 413 21 30 20 9 59 80 Extractions 71 14,4 55 13,3 1 4,8 7 23,3 5 25,0 3 33,3 15 25,4 16 20,0 0–23 months 17 23,9 11 20 – 2 28,6 3 60,0 1 33,3 6 40,0 6 37,5 ≥ 24 months 54 76,1 44 80 1 5 71,4 2 40,0 2 66,7 9 60,0 10 62,5 Failure 28 5,7 18 4,4 5 23,8 3 10,0 1 5,0 1 11,1 5 8,5 10 12,5 0–23 months 22 78,6 14 78 4 80,0 2 66,7 1 1 4 80,0 8 80,0 ≥ 24 months 6 21,4 4 22 1 20,0 1 33,3 – – 1 20,0 2 20,0