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Fig. 11a_Annotated 3-D model of a lower molar that illustrates complex pulpal anatomy. Fig. 11b_Endodontic therapy that illustrates the respect for the natural pulpal anatomy present. Fig. 12a_Post-op image of the ability to seal complicated pulpal anatomy. Fig. 12b_Healing observed when objectives for successful endodontic therapy are accomplished. 26 I I special _ advancements in endodontics Further advancement in our ability to visualise root-canal systems and the surrounding structures in 3-D will continue to revolutionise our capacity to diagnoseandtreatendodonticdisease.Thequalityof endodontic therapy provided will increase as the scienceofCBCTdevelops.Futureadvancementinthis sciencewillfocusonourabilitytomoreclearlyrender and manipulate these images. Figure 11a is an anno- tated3-Dmodelofalowermolarthatillustratespul- palanatomythatisencounteredinclinicalpractice.46 Figure 11b displays the endodontic outcomes possi- ble when such natural complexities are respected. There are many exciting advancements on the horizon to aid in our pursuit of higher levels of disin- fection. Further exploration into the potential to shape individual pulpal anatomy on a 3-D basis will continue. The science of irrigation may one day take usfromdisinfectiontosterilisation.Figures12aandb illustrate the successful outcome that can be accom- plishedwhenintricateareasofaninfectedroot-canal system can be disinfected and sealed. Future advancement in the pursuit of a precise coronalsealwillbeintheformofproductsanddevices thataidinthetechnique-sensitiveprocedureofplac- ing deep dentinal bonding. Figure 13 illustrates this objectiveofacontinuoussealoftheentireroot-canal system from the apex to the cavo-surface. These advances in endodontic treatment modali- tieswillundoubtedlyhaveasignificantimpactonour abilitytoattaingreatersuccessrates.However,thefu- ture of our profession is in the hands of skilled and committed clinicians who strive to move our profes- sion forward. Progressive exploration into the areas discussed in this article will keep endodontic therapy at the forefront of treatment options available for patients._ Fig. 13_Illustration of the objective to have continual seal of the entire root-canal system from the apex to the cavo-surface. roots4_2010 Fig. 12a Fig. 12b Fig. 13 Fig. 11a Fig. 11b