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38 I I research _ CBCT for both practice/facility users and patients, has not significantly deteriorated. 15. For staff protection from CBCT equipment, the guidelines detailed in Section 6 of the European Commission document Radiation protection 136: European guidelines on ra- diation protection in dental radiology should be followed. 16. All those involved with CBCT must have re- ceived adequate theoretical and practical training for the purpose of radiological prac- tices and relevant competence in radiation protection. 17. Continuing education and training after qualification are required, particularly when new CBCT equipment or techniques are adopted. 18. Dentists responsible for CBCT facilities, who have not previously received ‘adequate theo- retical and practical training’, should un- dergo a period of additional theoretical and practical training that has been validated by an academic institution (university or equiv- alent). Where national specialist qualifica- tions in dento-maxillofacial radiology exist, the design and delivery of CBCT training programmes should involve a DMF radiolo- gist. 19. For dento-alveolar CBCT images of the teeth, their supporting structures, the mandible and the maxilla up to the floor of the nose (for example, 8 cm x 8 cm or smaller fields of view), clinical evaluation (radiological report) should be done by a specially trained DMF radiologist or, where this is impracticable, an adequately trained general dental practi- tioner. 20. For non-dento-alveolar small fields of view (for example, temporal bone) and all cranio- facial CBCT images (fields of view extending beyond the teeth, their supporting struc- tures, the mandible, including the TMJ, and the maxilla up to the floor of the nose), clin- ical evaluation (radiological report) should be done by a specially trained DMF radio- logist or by a clinical radiologist (medical radiologist). _Conclusion CBCT is most frequently applied in oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, implant den- tistry and orthodontics. CBCT examination must not be carried out unless its medical necessity is proven and the benefits outweigh the risks. Furthermore, CBCT images must undergo a thor- ough clinical evaluation (radiological report) of the entire image dataset in order to maximise the benefits. Futureresearchshouldfocusonaccuratedata with regard to the radiation dose of these units. CBCT units have small detector sizes and the field of view and scanned volumes are limited, which is the reason that CBCT units specific to orthodontic and orthognathic surgery are not yet available. Additional publications on CBCT indications in forensic dentistry and prostho- dontics are also desirable._ Editorialnote:Acompletelistofreferencesisavailable from the publisher. roots4_2010 Fig. 7d_Extractions done for teeth #7, 8, 9 and 10 were atraumatic and bone grafting was performed. Fig. 7e_Temporisation done and healing of the grafted sites for future implant placement is awaited. Fig. 7eFig. 7d Dr Mohammed A.Alshehri is a Consultant for Restorative and Implant Dentistry at the Riyadh Military Hospital,Department of Dentistry andAssistant Clinical Professor at the King Saud University,College of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences. He can be contacted at dr_mzs@hotmail.com. Dr Hadi M.Alamri and Dr Mazen A.Alshalhoob are interns at Riyadh Colleges of Dentistry and Pharmacy. CAD/CAM_about the authors