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15Perio TribuneNovember 29-December 5, 2010United Kingdom Edition LittleSister Photo Activated Disinfection To download the Little Sister PAD Scientific Evidence guide, visit: www.eschmann.co.uk/pad Only £1995.00 with FREE starter kit worth over £500* W hy take a chance? LittleSister For further information and to order your PAD call EschmannDirect on: 01903 875787 ic.sales@eschmann.co.uk | www.eschmann.co.uk from Direct Photo-activated disinfection provides proven high level disinfection for the treatment of root canals, periodontal disease, peri-implantitis and caries, eliminating 99.99% of all species of oral bacteria, on demand, in a matter of seconds. Offering a genuine advance in minimal invasive dental treatment, Little Sister PAD significantly increases the level of treatment success. To enjoy the benefits of PAD for yourself and your patients, contact your Eschmann infection control advisor or visit the Little Sister PAD website. *List Price £2495. Starter kit includes: Little Sister PAD unit, Caries Pack (25pcs), Endo Pack (25pcs), Perio Pack (25pcs), LED Light Guide (1pcs), Anti-glare paddle (1pcs), Anti-glare glasses (1pcs), Mains Power adaptor (1pcs). Retail value of treatment packs can be worth in excess of £800 (when the price of PAD is included within cost of treatment) Offer valid to 31st Dec 2010 Price excl. carriage and VAT S pread of antibiotic resist- ance among pathogenic bacteria is alarming the medical science. Inappropri- ate prescription of antibiotics in the dental profession could add to this. Oral bacterial infec- tion can commonly be con- sidered of local origin. Sev- eral attempts have been undertaken in dentistry to try and maintain antimicro bial treatment regimens re- stricted locally. The combination of dyes and visible light has proven to kill microorganisms about 100 years ago. Harmless dyes sensi- tive to light are delivered locally (soft and hard tissue) and ex- posed to light at certain prede- termined wavelength are highly successful in disinfection. Key is presence of oxygen to excited state of the Photosensitiser en- hancing transfer of electrons to the ground state of molecu- lar oxygen resulting in reactive oxygen like singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radicals. The latest two have lethal effect on pathogenic microorganisms. The proc- ess described is called photo activated disinfection when related to dentistry. Resistance to Photo Activated Disinfec- tion (PAD) has been researched in periodontology but could not be induced artificially (Lauro et al. 2002). Dai et al. (2009) re- viewed literature on Photody- namic therapy (PDT) in re- gards to localised infections. Key points of interest were: • Photosensitisers and their in- teraction with different bacte- rial strains. • Photodynamic therapy at dif- ferent tissue structures. As a result one can state that bactericidal action was achieved by neutral or cationic PS molecules on Gram positive flora when compared to cationic in combination with non cation- ic ones on Gram negative (Nit- zan et al. 1992, Merchat et al. 1996,). Santamaria et al. (1972) listed more than 400 compounds demonstrating photosensitis- ing properties. Usacheva et al. has proven in 2001 that: “TB exhibits a greater bacteri- cidal activity than MB against most bacteria in dark and light conditions.” Cohen et al. (1995) cited by Meisel et al. (2005) summarised the photobiological principles of light involved in the process: • The Grotthus-Draper law: dis- cusses the wavelength of light requested •TheStark–Einsteinlaw:discuss- es the amount of absorbed light • The Bunsen – Roscoe law: dis- cusses intensity and duration of light applied Application of PAD in clinical den- tistry and the literature evidence Liviu Steier takes a closer look at Photo Activated Disinfection and its uses in differing areas of clinical dentistry page 16DTà