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November 29-December 5, 201018 Perio Tribune United Kingdom Edition References 1. Steier L; Rossi-Fedele G; Figueiredo MAZ ; Figueiredo JAP.,Effect of Photo-Activated Disinfection on Enterococcus Faecalis Monoculture Biofilm using a bovine root canal dentine model and SEM/BSE observations (in process of publication) 2. Marina N. Usacheva, Matthew C. Teichert , Merrill A. Biel. Comparison of the methylene blue and toluidine blue photobactericidal efficacy against gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine, Volume 29, Issue 2, pages 165–173, August 2001 3. Juliana P. M. Lima, Mary A. Sampaio de Melo, Fátima M. C. Borges, Alrieta H. Teixeira, Carolina Steiner-Oliveira, Marinês Nobre dos Santos, Lidiany K. A. Rodrigues, Iriana C. J. Zanin Evalua- tion of the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic antimicrobial therapy in an in situ model of dentine caries,. European Journal of Oral Sciences, Volume 117, Issue 5, pages 568–574, October 2009 4. 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Andersen R, Loebel N, Hammond D, Wilson M. Treatment of periodontal disease by photodisinfection compared to scaling and root planing. J Clin Dent. 2007;18(2):34-8. About the author Dr med den Liv- iu Steier, FICOI, FRSM, FIAG, FI- ADF Liviu Steier received his Dr med dent (PhD) in 1982. He is Honor- ary Clinical Asso- ciate Professor at Warwick Dentistry, Warwick Medical School – University of Warwick, and course director of the MSc in Endo- dontics. He holds a Visiting Professor- ship at Tufts School of Dental Medi- cine - Boston (US) in the Department of Postgraduate Endodontics, as well as a Visiting Professorship at Florence School of Dental Medicine (Italy). He is a member of the Scientific Board of the Journal of Endodontics, Editor-in- Chief of REALITY ENDO, and Clinical Editor of Dental Tribune UK and main- tains private practices. Fig9 – Pre-operative and post-operative (six-month recall) radiographs of a peri- implantitis affected and treated implant. The treatment involved implantplastic Fig10 – (a&b) A cross-sectional view of the dentinal tubules a - before PAD activation (control group) b - after PAD activation – SEM 10000x Fig11 – (a&b) The roots were split in halves, then SEM/BSE observations were made along the dentinal tubules starting from the canal wall through the tubules. The length of action of PAD was assessed (Mm) – this image shows the overall look of the control group, with e faecalis invading the whole length of the tubules. SEM 2000x; a – control, b - PAD Fig12 - Assessment of the length of action of PAD was assessed (Mm) – Backscattering (BSE) SEM 20000x; a – control - e faecalis invading the whole length of the tubules; b - PAD activation – small number of e faecalis invading the tubules, with dentinal tubules free of the bacteria to a length of 20 Mm; c - PAD activation – dentinal tubules free of the bacteria to its whole length Figs13-18 Example of PAD used in endo- dontic therapy Fig 14 Fig 15 Fig 16 Fig 17 Fig 18 page 17DTß